Reward-related cues are an important part of our daily life as they often influence and guide
our actions. This paper reviews one of the experimental paradigms used to study the effects …

Cues associated with rewards, such as food or drugs of abuse, can themselves acquire
motivational properties. Acting as incentive stimuli, such cues can exert powerful control …

This article reviews recent research on the extinction of instrumental (or operant)
conditioning from the perspective that it is an example of a general retroactive interference …

In detoxified alcohol‐dependent patients, alcohol‐related stimuli can promote relapse.
However, to date, the mechanisms by which contextual stimuli promote relapse have not …

When exposed to the sights, sounds, smells and/or places that have been associated with
rewards, such as food or drugs, some individuals have difficulty resisting the temptation to …

The central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) mediates positively-valenced reward motivation as
well as negatively-valenced fear. Optogenetic or neurochemical stimulation of CeA circuitry …

Drug-associated cues can acquire powerful motivational control over the behavior of
addicts, and can contribute to relapse via multiple, dissociable mechanisms. Most preclinical …

Environmental stimuli are powerful mediators of craving and relapse in substance‐abuse
disorders. This review examined how animal models have been used to investigate the …

Background Environmental reward–predictive stimuli provide a major source of motivation
for adaptive reward pursuit behavior. This cue-motivated behavior is known to be mediated …

There is considerable individual variation in the extent to which food-and drug-associated
cues (conditioned stimuli, CSs) acquire incentive salience, as indicated by whether they …