Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling condition that disrupts motor, sensory, and autonomic
functions. Despite extensive research in the last decades, SCI continues to be a global …

Background Activated astrocytes play important roles in chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP).
Recent studies have shown reactive astrocytes are classified into A1 and A2 phenotypes …

Despite the rapid advance over the past decades to design effective therapeutic
pharmacological interventions, chronic pain remains to be an unresolved healthcare …

Background Increasing evidence suggests that microglia experience two distinct
phenotypes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS): a deleterious M1 phenotype and a …

Over-activation of the innate immune system constitutes a risk factor for the development of
nervous system disorders but may reduce the severity of these disorders by inducing …

Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) remains a major challenge in patients suffering from bone
metastases because of the complex mechanisms and unsatisfactory treatments. Emerging …

Substance P contributes to the pathogenesis of pain by acting on NK-1R, specialized
sensory neurons that detect noxious stimuli. Aprepitant, an antagonist of NK-1R, is widely …

Mechanical allodynia can be evoked by punctate pressure contact with the skin (punctate
mechanical allodynia) and dynamic contact stimulation induced by gentle touching of the …

Around 20% of the American population have chronic pain and estimates in other Western
countries report similar numbers. This represents a major challenge for global health care …

In vitro and preclinical in vivo research in the last 35 years has clearly highlighted the crucial
physiopathological role of glial cells, namely astrocytes/microglia/oligodendrocytes and …