Antibiotic persistence describes the presence of phenotypic variants within an isogenic
bacterial population that are transiently tolerant to antibiotic treatment. Perturbations of …

Decades of research into bacterial persistence has been unable to fully characterize this
antibiotic-tolerant phenotype, thereby hampering the development of therapies effective …

Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) is a putative second messenger molecule that is
conserved from bacteria to humans. Nevertheless, its physiological role and the underlying …

Translation elongation is a key step of protein synthesis, during which the nascent
polypeptide chain extends by one amino acid residue during one elongation cycle. More …

Riboswitches are noncoding portions of certain mRNAs that bind metabolite, coenzyme,
signaling molecule, or inorganic ion ligands and regulate gene expression. Most known …

Prevailing dogma holds that ribosomes are uniform in composition and function. Here, we
show that nutrient limitation-induced stress in E. coli changes the relative expression of …

Gram-positive bacteria synthesize the second messenger cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) to
control cell wall and potassium homeostasis and to secure the integrity of their DNA. In the …

Nitrogen (N) deficiency is one of the most common problems in rice. The symptoms of N
deficiency are well documented, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely …

Ribosome and protein synthesis lie at the core of cell growth and are major consumers of
the cellular budget. Here we review recent progress in the coupling of ribosome synthesis …

The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs [Ile, Leu, and Val]) represent important nutrients in
bacterial physiology, with roles that range from supporting protein synthesis to signaling and …