Ginsenoside Rb2 (Rb2), a fundamental saponin produced and isolated from ginseng
(Panax ginseng CA Meyer), has a wide range of biological actions. The objective of this …

Four most concerned heavy metal pollutants, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury may
share common mechanisms to induce metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, recent studies …

Background: Cadmium is an environmental pollutant which can induce the overproduction
of free radicals while suppressing the antioxidant defense system. Curcumin is considered a …

Cadmium (Cd) is regarded as a potential endocrine disruptor. However, the exact
mechanism by which this metal may interfere with the reproductive system has not yet been …

Autophagy, known as a “self-eating” process, is associated with degradation of aged or
damaged components and organelles. Generally, autophagy is a survival mechanism that …

Wingless‐type MMTV integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway is considered as an important
pathway regulating a variety of biological processes such as tissue formation and …

Autophagy is considered as an important mechanism for maintaining homeostasis and
responsible for the degradation of superfluous or potentially toxic components and …

The over-activated microglial cells induce neuroinflammation which has the main role in
neurological disorders. The over-activated microglia can disturb neuronal function by …

Arsenic (As) is a toxic element that is highly abundant in the environment. However, there
has not been sufficient research into the mechanisms of arsenic-induced transgenerational …

Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant with known toxic effects on the liver.
Puerarin (PU), a natural flavonoid, has been shown to exert protective effect in numerous …