Almost all heavy metals are serious toxicants as carcinogens. However, due to their
chemical and physiological properties, heavy metals are useful in industrial areas including …

Nickel (Ni) is known to be a major carcinogenic heavy metal. Occupational and
environmental exposure to Ni has been implicated in human lung and nasal cancers …

Heavy metals that are harmful to humans include arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead,
mercury, and nickel. Some metals or their related compounds may even cause cancer …

Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that controls the expression
of a large pool of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes regulating the cellular response to …

Background Exposure to fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of≤ 2.5 μm
(PM 2.5) is associated with adverse health effects. This study aimed to evaluate the toxic …

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an emerging regulator of cellular resistance
to oxidants, serves as one of the key defensive factors against a range of pathological …

Vinylcyclohexene (VCH) is a dimer of 1, 3-butadiene produced as a by-product of pesticides,
plastic, rubber, flame retardants, and tire production. Although, several studies have …

The redox activity of metal ions can lead to the formation of highly reactive species that
damage DNA, producing different oxidation products and types of damage depending upon …

Heavy metals interact with each other in a coexisting manner to produce complex combined
toxicity to organisms. At present, the toxic effects of chronic co-exposure to heavy metals …

Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in industrial and household
applications, arousing concern regarding their safety in humans. The risks posed by …