Clefts of the lip and palate (CLP), the major causes of congenital facial malformation
globally, result from failure of fusion of the facial processes during embryogenesis. With a …

Defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing
capacity and avascular nature. Current surgical treatment options do not ensure consistent …

Diverse signaling cues and attendant proteins work together during organogenesis,
including craniofacial development. Lip and palate formation starts as early as the fourth …

The effect of the brain on the morphology of the face has long been recognized in both
evolutionary biology and clinical medicine. In this work, we describe factors that are active …

Morphogenesis of the brain and face is intrinsically linked by a number of factors. These
include: origins of tissues, adjacency allowing their physical interactions, and molecular …

Neural crest cells appear early during embryogenesis and give rise to many structures in the
mature adult. In particular, a specific population of neural crest cells migrates to and …

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most common developmental defect of the forebrain
characterized by inadequate or absent midline division of the forebrain into cerebral …

Normal extension and skull expansion is a synchronized process that prevails along the
osteogenic intersections of the cranial sutures. Cranial sutures operate as bone growth sites …

Outgrowth and fusion of the lateral and medial nasal processes and of the maxillary process
of the first branchial arch are integral to lip and primary palate development. Wnt9b …

The mechanisms of morphogenesis are not well understood, yet shaping structures during
development is essential for establishing correct organismal form and function. Here, we …