Despite tremendous successes in the field of antibiotic discovery seen in the previous
century, infectious diseases have remained a leading cause of death. More specifically …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the γ-proteobacteria.
Like other members of the Pseudomonas genus, it is known for its metabolic versatility and …

Gram-negative bacteria are intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics. Species that have
acquired multidrug resistance and cause infections that are effectively untreatable present a …

All bacteria produce secreted vesicles that carry out a variety of important biological
functions. These extracellular vesicles can improve adaptation and survival by relieving …

Bacteria have evolved an array of adaptive mechanisms enabling them to survive and grow
in the presence of different environmental stresses. These mechanisms include either …

Most clinical antibiotics do not have efficacy against Gram‐negative pathogens, mainly
because these cells are protected by the permeability barrier comprising the two …

The outer membrane (OM) of Treponema pallidum, the uncultivatable agent of venereal
syphilis, has long been the subject of misconceptions and controversy. Decades ago …

The trace metal iron (Fe) controls the diversity and activity of phytoplankton across the
surface oceans, a paradigm established through decades of in situ and mesocosm …

Although many typical outer‐membrane proteins (OMPs) have been well characterized, the
biological functions of many OMPs remain largely elusive. In this study, we successfully …

The high degree of complexity of macromolecular structure is extremely difficult for students
to process. Students struggle to translate the simplified two‐dimensional representations …