Cancer is a multifactorial disease that is responsible for 10 million deaths per year. The intra-
and inter-heterogeneity of malignant tumors make it difficult to develop single targeted …

Building tissues from scratch to explore entirely new cell configurations could revolutionize
fundamental understanding in biology. Bioprinting is an emerging technology to do this …

Simple Summary Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models have been proposed as
alternatives for initial drug screening to increase drug development efficiency. In addition to …

In tissue engineering, an unresolved challenge is how to build complex 3D scaffolds in order
to recreate the structure and function of human tissues and organs. Additive manufacturing …

Organoids are in vitro self-assembling, organ-like, three-dimensional cellular structures that
stably retain key characteristics of the respective organs. Organoids can be generated from …

After cardiovascular disease, cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide with
devastating health and economic consequences, particularly in developing countries. Inter …

Patient‐derived cancer cells (PDCs) and patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) are often used
as tumor models, but have many shortcomings. PDCs not only lack diversity in terms of cell …

Vascularization of 3D models represents a major challenge of tissue engineering and a key
prerequisite for their clinical and industrial application. The use of prevascularized models …

Tumor cells evolve in a complex and heterogeneous environment composed of different cell
types and an extracellular matrix. Current 2D culture methods are very limited in their ability …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) typically comprises cancer cells, tumor vasculature,
stromal components like fibroblasts, and host immune cells that assemble to support …