The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

The management of T2DM requires aggressive treatment to achieve glycemic and
cardiovascular risk factor goals. In this setting, metformin, an old and widely accepted first …

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Quercetin is a ubiquitous flavonoid that is
present in numerous plants that are utilized in many different cultures for their nervous …

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Cadmium (Cd) on growth
performance, blood biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, hepatocyte apoptosis and …

Background Metformin, a widely used hypoglycemic drug, reduces stroke incidence and
alleviates chronic inflammation in clinical trials. However, the effect of metformin in ischemic …

Resveratrol, a stilbene formed in many plants in response to various stressors, elicits
multiple beneficial effects in vertebrates. Particularly, resveratrol was shown to have …

Copper is an essential metal present at high levels in the CNS. Its role as a cofactor in
mitochondrial ATP production and in essential cuproenzymes is well defined. Menkes and …

Organismal aging is accompanied by a host of progressive metabolic alterations and an
accumulation of senescent cells, along with functional decline and the appearance of …

Mutations in parkin and LRRK2 together account for the majority of familial Parkinson's
disease (PD) cases. Interestingly, recent evidence implicates the involvement of parkin and …

Beta-amyloid (Aβ) neurotoxicity is important in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Aβ
neurotoxicity causes oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial damage resulting in …