Abstract Background Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of
disorders characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis of the lungs, varying from idiopathic …

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with several comorbidities which contribute
significantly to morbidity and mortality and add to the complexity of management. In addition …

Background Various studies reported that increased proinflammatory cytokines in patients
with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Proinflammatory cytokines can affect the expression of …

The wide-ranging effects of connective tissue diseases create a significant challenge for the
perioperative physician. Multisystem involvement, treatmentrelated organ dysfunction and a …

Inherited cardiomyopathies (CMs) are a major cause of heart diseases in all age groups,
which severely burdens patients as well as their family members. Data from the past two …

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects 1% of the general
population. As one of the most severe types of spondyloarthropathy, AS affects the spinal …

Spinal fractures are commonly encountered in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. This
study compares the outcome of early surgical treatment with initial conservative treatment for …

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the risk of valvular heart disease (VHD) among patients with
ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: This was a population-based cohort study utilizing the …

Lung involvement in connective tissue disorders (CTDs) may present as pleomorphic since
any lung compartment may be involved such as airways, exocrine secretory and alveolar …

To assess the association of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and ischemic heart disease (IHD)
compared to traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Primary care and hospital records of …