Interventions to address the US opioid crisis primarily target opioid use, misuse, and
addiction, but because the opioid crisis includes multiple substances, the opioid specificity of …

Importance More than 42 000 Americans died of opioid overdoses in 2016, and the fatalities
continue to increase. This review analyzes the factors that triggered the opioid crisis and its …

Importance Substantial increases in both neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and
maternal opioid use disorder have been observed through 2014. Objective To examine …

National opioid use disorder rates at delivery more than quadrupled during 1999–2014.
Rates significantly increased in all 28 states with 3 years of data. Rate increases in Maine …

Objectives. To compare US trends in rates of injection drug use (IDU), specifically opioid
injection, with national trends in the incidence of acute HCV infection to assess whether …

OBJECTIVES: To describe incidence, health care use, and cost trends for infants with
neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) who are covered by Medicaid compared with other …

The opioid crisis has grown to affect pregnant women and infants across the United States,
as evidenced by rising rates of opioid use disorder among pregnant women and neonatal …

Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) has risen in prevalence from 1.2 per 1000
births in 2000 to 5.8 per 1000 births in 2012. Symptoms in neonates may include high …

Importance Despite the rapidly changing policy environment regarding substance use
during pregnancy, information is lacking on the association of state policies with neonatal …

Importance Neonatal abstinence syndrome, which occurs as a result of in utero opioid
exposure, affects between 6.0 and 20 newborns per 1000 live US births. There is substantial …