Developmental programming of non-communicable diseases is now an established
paradigm. With respect to hypertension and chronic kidney disease, adverse events …

Background: Cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases are a part of noncommunicable
chronic diseases, the leading causes of premature death worldwide. They are recognized as …

Data from several human populations indicate that the quantitative microanatomy of the
human kidney varies considerably: total glomerular number varies at least 13-fold, mean …

In this essay, we highlight how litter size in rodents is a strong determinant of neonatal
growth and long-term metabolic health. Based on these effects, we strongly advise that …

Epidemiology formed the basis of 'the Barker hypothesis', the concept of 'developmental
programming'and today's discipline of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease …

Numerous studies have demonstrated that the early postnatal environment can influence
body weight and energy homeostasis into adulthood. Rodents raised in small litters have …

The developmental origins of health and disease theory is based on evidence that a
suboptimal environment during fetal and neonatal development can significantly impact the …

Over recent years, studies have demonstrated links between risk of cardiovascular disease
in adulthood and adverse events that occurred very early in life during fetal development …

The breastfeeding period is one of the most important critical windows in our development,
since milk, our first food after birth, contains several compounds, such as macronutrients …

Individuals born after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have an increased risk of
perinatal morbidity/mortality, and those who survive face long-term consequences such as …