Gut dysbiosis might underlie the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. In mice of the non-obese
diabetic (NOD) strain, we found that key features of disease correlated inversely with blood …

Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) that are part of the costimulatory and coinhibitory
(immune checkpoint) signaling are critical for adequate T cell response and are important …

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a group of genetic diseases that occur due to the
either deficiency of an enzyme involved in a metabolic/biochemical pathway or other …

In NOD mice and also likely humans, B lymphocytes play an important role as APC-
expanding autoreactive T cell responses ultimately causing type 1 diabetes (T1D). Currently …

Background Lately, mounting evidence has shown that B cells play an important role in the
pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here, we present alterations in B cell subsets …

Aims/hypothesis Islet-specific autoantibodies can predict the development of type 1
diabetes. However, it remains unclear if B cells, per se, contribute to the causal pancreatic …

Vaccine-induced B cells differentiate along two pathways. The follicular pathway gives rise
to germinal centers (GCs) that can take weeks to fully develop. The extrafollicular pathway …

Antibodies formed against the therapeutic protein are a life-threatening complication that
arises during enzyme replacement therapy for Pompe disease (acid α-glucosidase …

Background Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an extremely rare malignant tumor with poor
prognosis. Existing treatment options have limited effects, and new therapeutic targets …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by autoantibodies that mediate tissue
injury. However, the pathogenesis of SLE remains poorly understood and available …