Small for gestational age is usually defined as an infant with a birthweight< 10th centile for a
population or customized standard. Fetal growth restriction refers to a fetus that has failed to …

By consensus, late fetal growth restriction is that diagnosed> 32 weeks. This condition is
mildly associated with a higher risk of perinatal hypoxic events and suboptimal …

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is defined as the failure of the fetus to meet its growth potential
due to a pathological factor, most commonly placental dysfunction. Worldwide, FGR is a …

In 2016, at the start of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) era, pregnancy-related
preventable morbidity and mortality remains unacceptably high. While substantial progress …

Background Fetal growth restriction is a major determinant of adverse perinatal outcome.
Screening procedures for fetal growth restriction need to identify small babies and then …

Background In 2006, WHO produced international growth standards for infants and children
up to age 5 years on the basis of recommendations from a WHO expert committee. Using the …

Highlights•Management of FGR is challenging because not all small fetuses are true forms
of growth restriction and clinical presentation is variable.•Doppler is the central tool for …

Background Preterm birth (PTB) is a major factor contributing to global rates of neonatal
death and to longer‐term health problems for surviving infants. Both the World Health …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) remains one of the main challenges in maternity care.
Improvements have to start from a better definition of IUGR, applying the concept of the fetal …

Background Diagnostic ultrasound is a sophisticated electronic technology, which utilises
pulses of high‐frequency sound to produce an image. Diagnostic ultrasound examination …