The prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been consistently increasing
worldwide. Sharing powerful genetic and environmental features in their pathogenesis …

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus
type 2 and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Metabolic syndrome is closely related to …

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic disorders, is caused
by a combination of two primary factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by
chronic hyperglycemia and an inadequate response to circulatory insulin by peripheral …

The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of
research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some …

Nutritional excess is a major forerunner of type 2 diabetes. It enhances the secretion of
insulin, but attenuates insulin's metabolic actions in the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose …

Mitochondria are critical organelles responsible for regulating the metabolic status of
skeletal muscle. These organelles exhibit remarkable plasticity by adapting their volume …

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, the
hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the cause-effect relationship remains …

Metabolic syndrome is co-occurrence of obesity, insulin resistance, atherogenic
dyslipidemia (high triglyceride, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol), and hypertension. It …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a systemic disease characterized by hyperglycemia,
hyperlipidemia, and organismic insulin resistance. This pathological shift in both circulating …