Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition …

Unprecedented advances have been made in cancer treatment with the use of immune
checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, responses are limited to a subset of patients, and …

Summary Blocking PD-1/PD-L1 signaling transforms cancer therapy and is assumed to
unleash exhausted tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

Several mechanisms and cell types are involved in the regulation of the immune response.
These include mostly regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory macrophages (Mregs), myeloid …

Ovarian cancer response to immunotherapy is limited; however, the evaluation of
sensitive/resistant target treatment subpopulations based on stratification by tumor …

Cancer treatment by immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) can bring long-lasting clinical
benefits, but only a fraction of patients respond to treatment. To predict ICB response, we …

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to play a critical role in tumor
development from initiation to metastasis. EMT could be regarded as a continuum, with …

The success of immunotherapy in oncology underscores the vital role of the immune system
in cancer development. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain a fine balance between …

Immune system aging is characterized by the paradox of immunosenescence (insufficiency)
and inflammaging (over-reaction), which incorporate two sides of the same coin, resulting in …

The past decade has seen the emergence of immunotherapy as a prime approach to cancer
treatment, revolutionizing the management of many types of cancer. Despite the promise of …