Janus kinase/signal transduction and transcription activation (JAK/STAT) pathways were
originally thought to be intracellular signaling pathways that mediate cytokine signals in …

The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway
is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of transmembrane signal transduction that …

Background Type 1 (T1) inflammation (marked by IFN-γ expression) is now consistently
identified in subsets of asthma cohorts, but how it contributes to disease remains unclear …

Pseudo-progression and flare-up phenomena constitute a novel diagnostic challenge in the
follow-up of patients treated with immune-oncology drugs. We present a case study on …

Biologic therapies targeting the IL-23/IL-17 axis have transformed the treatment of psoriasis.
However, the early mechanisms of action of these drugs remain poorly understood. Here …

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. It
affects the lungs in over 90% of patients yet extra-pulmonary and multi-organ involvement is …

Background Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory condition that can affect various organs and
tissues, causing the formation of granulomas and subsequent functional impairment. The …

These findings have implications for clinical practice and research. The limitations of
established biomarkers underscore the need for improved diagnostic tools in sarcoidosis …

Macrophages undergo plasma membrane fusion and cell multinucleation to form
multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) such as osteoclasts in bone, Langhans giant cells (LGCs) …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with dysregulation of the
immune system featuring inappropriate immune responses, exacerbation of inflammatory …