The concept that different systems control episodic and surge secretion of gonadotropin‐
releasing hormone (GnRH) was well established by the time that GnRH was identified and …

In the past decade since kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin (KNDy) cells were first identified
in the mammalian hypothalamus, a plethora of new research has emerged adding insights …

A hypothalamic pulse generator located in the arcuate nucleus controls episodic release of
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and is essential for …

Increasing evidence accumulated during the past two decades has demonstrated that the
then-novel kisspeptin, which was discovered in 2001, the known neuropeptides neurokinin …

Estrogen produced by ovarian follicles plays a key role in the central mechanisms
controlling reproduction via regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release …

Pubertal onset is thought to be timed by an increase in pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing
hormone (GnRH)/gonadotropin secretion in mammals. The underlying mechanism of …

Endogenous opioid peptides have attracted attention as critical neuropeptides in the central
mechanism regulating female reproduction ever since the discovery that arcuate dynorphin …

Mammalian reproductive function is a complex system of many players orchestrated by the
hypothalamus-pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. The hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing …

This paper is the thirty-ninth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2016 …

Highly sophisticated and synchronized interactions of various cells and hormonal signals
are required to make organisms competent for reproduction. GnRH neurons act as a …