Skeletal muscle is an essential tissue that attaches to bones and facilitates body
movements. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a hormone found in blood that plays an …

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide and its incidence
has increased dramatically in recent years. In parallel, the prevalence of overweight and …

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) was first identified in the early 1970s as a
placental protein of unknown function, present at high concentrations in the circulation of …

Thyroid cancer comprises different clinical and histological entities. Whereas differentiated
(DTCs) malignancies are sensitive to radioiodine therapy, anaplastic (ATCs) and medullary …

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway comprises two activating ligands (IGF-I and IGF-
II), two cell-surface receptors (IGF-IR and IGF-IIR), six IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) and nine …

Obesity is increasingly becoming a global epidemic of concern and is considered a risk
factor for several endocrine-related cancers. Moreover, obesity is associated with cancer …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain malignancy and is often
resistant to conventional treatments due to its extensive cellular heterogeneity. Thus, the …

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, encompassing
different entities with distinct histological features and clinical behavior. The diagnostic …

Increasing evidence of interdependence between G protein-coupled receptors and receptor
tyrosine kinase signaling pathways has prompted reevaluation of crosstalk between these …

Cancer represents the main cause of death worldwide. Thyroid cancer (TC) shows an
overall good rate of survival, however there is a percentage of patients that do not respond …