Life is a non‐equilibrium state of matter maintained at the expense of energy. Nature uses
predominantly chemical energy stored in thermodynamically activated, but kinetically stable …

There has been a significant progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by
which calcium (Ca2+) ions mediate various types of cardiac arrhythmias. A growing list of …

Actomyosin-mediated contractility is a highly conserved mechanism for generating
mechanical stress in animal cells and underlies muscle contraction, cell migration, cell …

Abstract Carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) was discovered in 1900 as an abundant non-
protein nitrogen-containing compound of meat. The dipeptide is not only found in skeletal …

Mammalian skeletal muscle comprises different fiber types, whose identity is first established
during embryonic development by intrinsic myogenic control mechanisms and is later …

The congenital myopathies are a group of early-onset, non-dystrophic neuromuscular
conditions with characteristic muscle biopsy findings, variable severity and a stable or slowly …

Beyond its established role in bone and mineral homeostasis, there is emerging evidence
that vitamin D exerts a range of effects in skeletal muscle. Reports of profound muscle …

Filamentous actin (F-actin) is the major protein of muscle thin filaments, and actin
microfilaments are the main component of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Mutations in different …

Background: Diastolic dysfunction (DD) is associated with the development of heart failure
and contributes to the pathogenesis of other cardiac maladies, including atrial fibrillation …

Obesity can cause a decline in contractile function of skeletal muscle, thereby reducing
mobility and promoting obesity-associated health risks. We reviewed the literature to …