Extracellular vesicles are produced by species across all domains of life, suggesting that
vesiculation represents a fundamental principle of living matter. In Gram-negative bacteria …

The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by the largest microbial community within the
human body consisting of trillions of microbes called gut microbiota. The normal flora is the …

Nanosized extracellular vesicles derived from bacteria contain diverse cargo and transfer
intercellular bioactive molecules to cells. Due to their favorable intercellular interactions, cell …

Microbiological treatments are expected to have a role in the future management of
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) is a probiotic …

Bone and soft tissue tumors are complex mesenchymal neoplasms that seriously endanger
human health. Over the past decade, the relationship between microorganisms and human …

The gut microbiota is currently one of the most studied 'organs' in animals, and fish are no
exception. A complex diversity of microbes, including bacteria, archaea, yeast and fungus …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that has been associated with the gut
microbiota. However, whether and how the gut microbiota plays a pathogenic role in RA …

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduction of bone mass and
destruction of structure, which can easily lead to fragility fractures. Over the past decade, an …

Intestinal microenvironment dysbiosis is one of the major causes of diseases, such as
obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer. Microbiota-based …

A growing body of research, especially in recent years, has shown that bacterial
extracellular vesicles (bEVs) are one of the key underlying mechanisms behind the …