Tumour progression is modulated by the local microenvironment. This environment is
populated by many immune cells, of which macrophages are among the most abundant …

Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition …

Immunotherapy is regarded as the most promising treatment for cancers. Various cancer
immunotherapies, including adoptive cellular immunotherapy, tumor vaccines, antibodies …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

The pandemic of COVID-19 has posed an unprecedented threat to global public health.
However, the interplay between the viral pathogen of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and host …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are the important mediators of inflammatory pathways in the gut
which play a major role in mediating the immune responses towards a wide variety of …

This review aims to briefly discuss a short list of a broad variety of inflammatory cytokines.
Numerous studies have implicated that inflammatory cytokines exert important effects with …

Disclosures: SA Vardhana reported personal fees from Immunai and personal fees from
ADC Therapeutics outside the submitted work; in addition, SA Vardhana had a patent to …

The study of innate immunity and its link to inflammation and host defense encompasses
diverse areas of biology, ranging from genetics and biophysics to signal transduction and …

Abstract Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important family of receptors that
constitute the first line of defense system against microbes. They can recognize both …