In recent years, the choice of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as a treatment based on
high expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in lung cancers has been …

Background Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) through secondhand and thirdhand smoke is a
modifiable risk factor that contributes to childhood morbidity. Limited research has assessed …

Abstract Epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate (EGCG) has been demonstrated to exhibit anticancer
effects; however, the mechanisms behind these are not yet clear. The objective of the …

The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) oncogene is a transcription
factor with a central role in head and neck cancer. Hypopharyngeal cells (HCs) exposed to …

Tobacco-specific alkaloids and nitrosamines are important biomarkers for the estimation of
tobacco use and human exposure to tobacco-specific nitrosamines that can be monitored by …

Background Locally-advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma represents a special subset
that is challenging to resect completely with surgery alone. Immunotherapy has achieved …

Abstract Nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a Group
1áhuman carcinogen, as classified by the International Agency for Research of Cancer …

Background Salivary exosome analysis provides a noninvasive and comprehensive
approach with potential applications in oral cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The early …

Introduction Identification of molecular biomarkers in the saliva and serum of oral cavity
cancer patients represents a first step in the development of essential and efficient clinical …

Background and Purpose It is well acknowledged that tobacco‐derived lung carcinogens
can induce lung injury and even lung cancer through a complex mechanism. MicroRNAs …