Introduction: Hand-wrist radiography have been the method of choice for assessment of
skeletal maturity. However, additional radiographic exposure and subjectivity of staging …

Context: IGF-I plays an important role in pre-and postnatal growth. Its serum levels are
regulated by metabolic and genetic factors. Mean total IGF-I in short, small for gestational …

The current guidelines state that, within the appropriate clinical context, the diagnosis of
adult growth hormone (GH) deficiency must be made biochemically using provocative tests …

Objective: Gynecomastia is benign enlargement of breast in male. It is postulated that its
development is primarily due to a mismatch in ratio of oestrogen and androgen at breast …

Objective To review whether growth hormone (GH) therapy should be continued into young
adulthood, beyond achievement of final height, when GH deficiency persists, to summarize …

Zentrales Ziel der in diesem Beitrag vorgestellten Leitlinie ist, auf Basis der vorhandenen
Evidenz und im Konsensusverfahren klare Einschlusskriterien für die Diagnostik des …

Objective. Hyperthyroidism is associated with altered growth hormone (GH) secretion. Many
patients with thyroid dysfunction experience several poorly described complications such as …

Purpose: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have potent mitogenic and antiapoptotic effects
on prostate tissue, whereas free IGF-1 is responsible for its metabolic effects but its role in …

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, a mitogenic and anti-apoptotic peptide, can affect the
proliferation of epithelial cells, and is thought to play a role in cancer development. The free …

Objective Blocking the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) may reduce the risk of developing
type-2 diabetes, but data are inconclusive and the mechanisms involved are unclear. RAS …