Originally a genetic model organism, the experimental use of Drosophila melanogaster has
grown to include quantitative behavioral analyses, sophisticated perturbations of neuronal …

Insects are an astonishingly successful and diverse group, occupying the gamut of habitats
and lifestyle niches. They represent the vast majority of described species and total …

Vision enables both image-forming perception, driven by a contrast-based pathway, and
unconscious non-image-forming circadian photoentrainment, driven by an irradiance-based …

Color and motion are used by many species to identify salient objects. They are processed
largely independently, but color contributes to motion processing in humans, for example …

Color and polarization provide complementary information about the world and are detected
by specialized photoreceptors. However, the downstream neural circuits that process these …

Connectomics has become a standard neuroscience methodology in a few model animals,
1 with the visual system being a popular target of study. 2–5 Combining connectomics with …

Bees discriminate between many different colours of flower petals, but it is not well
understood how they perceive and learn patterns frequently found in flowers with colourful …

Spectral information is commonly processed in the brain through generation of antagonistic
responses to different wavelengths. In many species, these color opponent signals arise as …

In the perception of color, wavelengths of light reflected off objects are transformed into the
derived quantities of brightness, saturation and hue. Neurons responding selectively to hue …

Colour vision allows animals to use the information contained in the spectrum of light to
control important behavioural decisions such as selection of habitats, food or mates. Among …