BACKGROUND: In patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia, we
compared the postoperative analgesic effect of intraoperative sedation with …

Hyperthermia is probably the most widely known acute adverse event that can follow
ingestion of 3, 4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) by recreational users …

Normal blood vessel function is essential for survival. The vascular system must integrate
diverse physical and chemical signals and respond immediately by regulating blood flow to …

The mechanism of action of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy)
involves the carrier-mediated and potentially vesicular release of monoamines. We …

The kidney is extensively innervated by sympathetic nerves playing an important role in the
regulation of blood pressure homeostasis. Sympathetic nerve activity is ultimately controlled …

The kidney is innervated with efferent sympathetic nerve fibers reaching the renal
vasculature, the tubules, the juxtaglomerular granular cells, and the renal pelvic wall. The …

Agonists acting at α2‐adrenergic and opioid receptors (α2ARs and ORs, respectively) inhibit
pain transmission in the spinal cord. When coadministered, agonists activating these …

The autonomic nervous system can control immune cell activation via both sympathetic
adrenergic and parasympathetic cholinergic nerve release of norepinephrine and …

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is often associated with severe burden of disease,
poor quality of life and functional impairment. Clozapine is the gold standard for the …

Cardiomyopathy is a common complication and significantly increases the risk of death in
septic patients. Our previous study demonstrated that post-treatment with dexmedetomidine …