Opioids were the most common drug class resulting in overdose deaths in the United States
in 2019. Widespread clinical use of prescription opioids for moderate to severe pain …

Oxycodone, a semisynthetic derivative of naturally occurring thebaine, an opioid alkaloid,
has been available for more than 100 years. Although thebaine cannot be used …

Opioid exposure and withdrawal both cause adaptations in brain circuits that may contribute
to abuse liability. These adaptations vary in magnitude and direction following different …

This current review focuses on contributions to exhaled breath (EB) preparation in drug of
abuse (DOA) detection. DOA has caused health hazards, accidents, criminal acts and huge …

The over-prescription of opioid analgesics is a growing problem in the field of addiction,
which has reached epidemic-like proportions in North America. Over the past decade …

Background: The Department of Health and Human Services reports that prescription pain
reliever (eg, oxycodone) misuse was initiated by 4,400 Americans each day in 2019. Amid …

Over three decades of evidence indicate that dopamine (DA) D3 receptors (D3R) are
involved in the control of drug-seeking behavior and may play an important role in the …

Background and Purpose Mitragynine, the major alkaloid in Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), is
a partial agonist at the μ opioid receptor. CYP3A‐dependent oxidation of mitragynine yields …

Since 1990, when our laboratory published the association of the DRD2 Taq A1 allele and
severe alcoholism in JAMA, there has been an explosion of genetic candidate association …

Opioids are the most common medications for moderate to severe pain. Unfortunately, they
also have addictive properties that have precipitated opioid misuse and the opioid epidemic …