I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

The mucus clearance system is the dominant mechanical host defense system of the human
lung. Mucus is cleared from the lung by cilia and airflow, including both two-phase gas-liquid …

Motile cilia are highly complex hair-like organelles of epithelial cells lining the surface of
various organ systems. Genetic mutations (usually with autosomal recessive inheritance) …

Background Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a motile ciliopathy characterised by
otosinopulmonary infections. Inheritance is commonly autosomal recessive, with extensive …

BACKGROUND Infertility is a major issue in human reproductive health, affecting an
estimated 15% of couples worldwide. Infertility can result from disorders of sex development …

Contributing Authors Isam Alobid, MD, PhD1, Nithin D. Adappa, MD2, Henry P. Barham,
MD3, Thiago Bezerra, MD4, Nadieska Caballero, MD5, Eugene G. Chang, MD6, Gaurav …

Background: This document presents the American Thoracic Society clinical practice
guidelines for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Target Audience: Clinicians …

Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous syndrome. Impaired
function of motile cilia causes failure of mucociliary clearance. Patients typically present with …

The epithelial surfaces of the lungs are in direct contact with the environment and are
subjected to dynamic physical forces as airway tubes and alveoli are stretched and …

Multiciliated cells are epithelial cells that are in contact with bodily fluids and are required for
the proper function of major organs including the brain, the respiratory system and the …