Within two decades, there have emerged three highly pathogenic and deadly human
coronaviruses, namely SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The economic burden …

Background Gaining further insights into SARS-CoV-2 routes of infection and the underlying
pathobiology of COVID-19 will support the design of rational treatments targeting the life …

Background The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a new human coronavirus which
is spreading with epidemic features in China and other Asian countries; cases have also …

A new coronavirus, referred to as SARS-CoV-2, is responsible for the recent outbreak of
severe respiratory disease. This outbreak first detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019 …

SARS-CoV-2, identified in Wuhan, China, for the first time in December 2019, is a new viral
strain, which has not been previously identified in humans; it can be transmitted both by air …

There is currently an ongoing worldwide pandemic of a novel virus belonging to the family of
Coronaviruses (CoVs) which are large, enveloped, plus-stranded RNA viruses …

Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been considered to be relatively harmless respiratory
pathogens in the past. However, after the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome …

With the capability of inducing elevated expression of ACE2 (angiotensin-converting
enzyme 2), the cellular receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …

A pandemic due to novel coronavirus arose in mid-December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and in
3 months' time swept the world. The disease has been referred to as COVID-19, and the …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a pandemic condition caused by the new
coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The typical symptoms are fever, cough, shortness of breath …