The eye is a metabolically active structure, constantly exposed to solar radiations making its
structure vulnerable to the high burden of reactive oxygen species (ROS), presenting many …

Glaucoma is the leading cause of global irreversible blindness, necessitating research for
new, more efficacious treatment options than currently exist. Trabecular meshwork (TM) cells …

Excessive TGF-β signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction fuel chronic kidney disease (CKD)
progression. However, inhibiting TGF-β failed to impede CKD in humans. The proximal …

The prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) continues to increase despite substantial
research. Mounting evidence states that dysfunctional mitochondrial bioenergetics play a …

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/cfs) is classified by the World
Health Organization as a disorder of the central nervous system. ME/cfs is an neuro-immune …

The significance of oxidative stress in the development of chronic neurodegenerative
diseases of the retina has become increasingly apparent in recent years. Reactive oxygen …

Purpose: Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is the most commonly used eye drop preservative.
Benzalkonium chloride has been associated with toxic effects such as “dry eye” and …

Oxidative stress contributes to dysfunction of glial cells in the optic nerve head (ONH).
However, the biological basis of the precise functional role of mitochondria in this …

Glaucoma is a degenerative optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC)
loss and visual field defects. It is known that in some glaucoma patients, death of RGCs …

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and the burden of the
disease continues to grow as the global population ages. Currently, the only treatment …