Studies bridging neuroscience and immunology have identified neural pathways that
regulate immunity and inflammation. Recent research using methodological advances in …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results not only in motor and sensory deficits but also in autonomic
dysfunctions. The disruption of connections between higher brain centers and the spinal …

Since the turn of the millennium, focus has increased substantially with respect to the
secondary consequences of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in the spinal cord …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is commonly associated with devastating paralysis. However, this
condition also results in a variety of autonomic dysfunctions, primarily: cardiovascular …

This is the first guideline describing the International Standards to document remaining
Autonomic Function after Spinal Cord Injury (ISAFSCI). This guideline should be used as an …

Autonomic dysreflexia (AD), a potentially dangerous complication of high-level spinal cord
injury (SCI) characterized by exaggerated activation of spinal autonomic (sympathetic) …

There is growing medical consensus in a unifying concept of human death. All human death
involves the irreversible loss of the capacity for consciousness, combined with the …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) at high spinal levels (eg, above thoracic level 5) causes systemic
immune suppression; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we show …

The whole-brain criterion of death provides that a person who has irreversibly lost all clinical
functions of the brain is dead. Bedside brain death (BD) tests permit physicians to determine …

High-level spinal cord injury can lead to cardiovascular dysfunction, including disordered
hemodynamics at rest and autonomic dysreflexia during noxious stimulation. To restore …