Most modern reviews about bacterial cell wall properties use the traditional classification of
prokaryotic envelopes as either gram positive or gram negative (27, 30). Mainly based on …

Prokaryotes constitute a single kingdom, Bacteria, here divided into two new subkingdoms:
Negibacteria, with a cell envelope of two distinct genetic membranes, and Unibacteria …

Chloroflexi members are ubiquitous and have been extensively studied; however, the
evolution and metabolic pathways of Chloroflexi members have long been debated. In the …

Introduction to Geomicrobiology is a timely and comprehensive overview of how microbial
life has affected Earth's environment through time. It shows how the ubiquity of …

Background Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) played an important role in shaping microbial
genomes. In addition to genes under sporadic selection, HGT also affects housekeeping …

The evolutionary relationships of proteobacteria, which comprise the largest and
phenotypically most diverse division among prokaryotes, are examined based on the …

SUMMARY Type IV pili (T4P) are surface-exposed fibers that mediate many functions in
bacteria, including locomotion, adherence to host cells, DNA uptake (competence), and …

The origin and evolution of photosynthesis have long remained enigmatic due to a lack of
sequence information of photosynthesis genes across the entire photosynthetic domain. To …

Background Genomic sequence analyses have shown that horizontal gene transfer
occurred during the origin of eukaryotes as a consequence of symbiosis. However, details of …

The process of photosynthesis has had profound global-scale effects on Earth; however, its
origin and evolution remain enigmatic. Here we report a whole-genome comparison of …