Synaptogenesis is essential for circuit development; however, it is unknown whether it is
critical for the establishment and performance of goal-directed voluntary behaviors. Here, we …

During adolescence, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) undergoes dramatic reorganization. PFC
development is profoundly influenced by the social environment, disruptions to which may …

In everyday life, we mentally represent possible consequences of our behaviors and
integrate specific outcome values into existing knowledge to inform decisions. The medial …

Social experiences carry tremendous weight in our decision-making, even when social
partners are not present. To determine mechanisms, we trained female mice to respond for …

The dorsomedial striatum (DMS) is associated with flexible goal seeking, as opposed to
routinized habits. Whether local mechanisms brake this function, for instance when habits …

Habits are familiar behaviors triggered by cues, not outcome predictability, and are
insensitive to changes in the environment. They are adaptive under many circumstances but …

Celebrity endorsements via live streaming continue to draw attention in the tourism industry.
This research examines the effects of such endorsements on tourism live streaming. We …

Inferring prospective outcomes and updating behavior are prerequisites for making flexible
decisions in the changing world. These abilities are highly associated with the functions of …

It is of vital importance to establish an objective and reliable model to facilitate the early
diagnosis and intervention of internet gaming disorder (IGD). A total of 133 patients with IGD …

Cocaine self-administration can disrupt the capacity of humans and rodents to flexibly
modify familiar behavioral routines, even when they become maladaptive or unbeneficial …