Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has many more functions
than its original in vitro identification as an inducer of granulocyte and macrophage …

The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was initially classified as a
hematopoietic growth factor. However, unlike its close relatives macrophage CSF (M-CSF) …

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that exhibits significant clinical
heterogeneity. There are various treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, including disease …

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment represents not only one of the key factors
stimulating tumor progression but also a strong obstacle for efficient tumor immunotherapy …

An autoimmune disease is defined as a clinical syndrome resulted from an instigation of
both T cell and B cell or individually, in the absence of any present infection or any sort of …

There is burgeoning interest in the interaction between the immune and nervous systems.
Pain is mediated by primary sensory neurons (nociceptors) that can respond to a variety of …

Pre-clinical models and clinical trials demonstrate that targeting the action of the cytokine,
granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), can be efficacious in …

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy has been shown to be clinically
effective for managing a variety of hematological cancers. However, CAR T-cell therapy is …

Cytokines are critical mediators of communication for the immune system, and they are
essential for host defense against pathogens. Cytokines can be secreted by immune cells …

Chronic inflammatory diseases are influenced by dysregulation of cytokines. Among them,
granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is crucial for the pathogenic …