In a healthy body, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants remain balanced. When
the balance is broken toward an overabundance of ROS, oxidative stress appears and may …

Significance: Under homeostatic conditions, the endothelium dynamically regulates vascular
barrier function, coagulation pathways, leukocyte adhesion, and vasomotor tone. During …

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex disease partly explained by
the effects of individual gene variants on sarcomeric protein biomechanics. At the cellular …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic
syndrome; its rising prevalence parallels the rise in obesity and diabetes. Historically …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the second most frequent and prevalent complication of
diabetes mellitus (DM). The increase in the production of oxidative stress (OS) is induced by …

The vascular endothelium is a multifunctional organ and is critically involved in modulating
vascular tone and structure. Endothelial cells produce a wide range of factors that also …

Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal failure worldwide. Its
morphologic characteristics include glomerular hypertrophy, basement membrane …

Oxidative stress plays a pathological role in the development of various diseases including
diabetes, atherosclerosis, or cancer. Systemic oxidative stress results from an imbalance …

The intracellular free calcium concentration subserves complex signaling roles in brain.
Calcium cations (Ca2+) regulate neuronal plasticity underlying learning and memory and …

Oxidative stress, implicated in the etiology of cancer, results from an imbalance in the
production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell's own antioxidant defenses. ROS …