Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively investigated for the treatment of
various diseases. The therapeutic potential of MSCs is attributed to complex cellular and …

Skeletal disorders are among the leading debilitating factors affecting millions of people
worldwide. The use of stem cells for tissue repair has raised many promises in various …

The development, maintenance of healthy bone and regeneration of injured tissue in the
human body comprise a set of intricate and finely coordinated processes. However, an …

The reconstitution of lost bone is a subject that is germane to many orthopedic conditions
including fractures and non-unions, infection, inflammatory arthritis, osteoporosis …

Approximately 10% of bone fractures do not heal satisfactorily, leading to significant clinical
and socioeconomic implications. Recently, the role of macrophages in regulating bone …

Healing and regeneration of bone injuries, particularly those that are associated with large
bone defects, are a complicated process. There is growing interest in the application of …

Background The inflammation and regeneration process may be accompanied by the shift in
the M1/M2 polarization of macrophages to adapt to extracellular signals. How the …

Fracture treatment is an old endeavour intended to promote bone healing and to also
enable early loading and regain of function in the injured limb. However, in today's clinical …

Abstract More than 2.1 million age-related fractures occur in the United States annually,
resulting in an immense socioeconomic burden. Importantly, the age-related deterioration of …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been considered the promising candidates for the
regenerative and personalized medicine due to their self-renewal potential, multilineage …