The known seven mammalian receptor subunits (P2X1–7) form cationic channels gated by
ATP. Three subunits compose a receptor channel. Each subunit is a polypeptide consisting …

Extracellular nucleotides are important mediators of activation, triggering various responses
through plasma membrane P2 and P1 receptors. P2 receptors are further subdivided into …

The adenosine 5′-triphosphate-gated P2X4 receptor channel is a promising target in
neuroinflammatory disorders, but the ability to effectively target these receptors in models of …

Macrophages are paracrine signalers that regulate tissular responses to injury through
interactions with parenchymal cells. Connexin hemichannels have recently been shown to …

The P2X4 receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel activated by extracellular ATP. P2X4
activity is associated with neuropathic pain, vasodilation, and pulmonary secretion and is …

Fifty years ago, the late Geoffrey Burnstock described the concept of purinergic nerves and
transmission bringing into existence the broader concepts of purinergic signaling including …

Nucleosides and purine nucleotides serve as transmitter and modulator agents that extend
their functions beyond the cell. In this context, purinergic signaling plays a crucial role in …

We analyzed the P2X4 receptor structure–activity relationship of a known antagonist 5, a 1,
5-dihydro-2 H-naphtho [1, 2-b][1, 4] diazepine-2, 4 (3 H)-dione. Following extensive …

P2X7 is an extracellular adenosine 5′-triphopshate (ATP)-gated cation channel present on
leukocytes, where its activation induces pro-inflammatory cytokine release and ectodomain …

The anti-obesity thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), and irisin, an exercise-and/or cold-
induced myokine, stimulate thermogenesis and energy consumption while decreasing lipid …