Non-invasive electrocardiography (NI-ECG) has become an indispensable tool for
monitoring fetal and neonatal cardiac activity throughout the stages of pregnancy and …

Diagnosing the fetal cardiac abnormalities by fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) is a difficult
task, but it is essential to identify the fetus health condition. FECG monitoring is essential to …

Arrhythmia is a major cardiac abnormality in fetuses. Therefore, early diagnosis of
arrhythmia is clinically crucial. Pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound is a commonly used …

The classification of Cardiotocography (CTG) signal abnormalities is critical in the
identification of fetal anomalies. The non-stationary nature of CTG, as well as the dataset …

Diagnosis and management of fetal arrhythmias have changed over the past 40–50 years
since propranolol was first used to treat fetal tachycardia in 1975 and when first attempts …

Fetal arrhythmia is a leading cause of sudden infant mortality, highlighting the significance of
detecting it in order to ensure the fetus. Identifying and analyzing fetal heartbeat rhythms …

Background The motion relationship and time intervals of the pulsed-wave Doppler (PWD)
spectrum are essential for diagnosing fetal arrhythmia. However, few technologies currently …

The precise identification of end-systolic (ES) and end-diastolic (ED) frames from ultrasound
films is crucial for automated biometric assessment and diagnosis of fetal echocardiograms …

Fetal heart monitoring, as a crucial part of fetal monitoring, can accurately reflect the fetus's
health status in a timely manner. To address the issues of high computational cost, inability …

Heart disease is one of the most serious health issues that people faced today. Almost 50
million people worldwide suffer from cardiovascular problems. Electrocardiogram (ECG) …