Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is considered as a crucial mediator in tissue fibrosis
and causes tissue scarring largely by activating its downstream small mother against …

Inflammation and fibrosis are two pathological features of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been long considered as a key mediator of renal …

The gut microbiota has a crucial effect on regulating the intestinal mucosal immunity and
maintaining intestinal homeostasis both in health and in disease state. Many effects are …

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays important roles in embryonic development and
tissue homeostasis. Wnt signaling is induced, and β-catenin is activated, associated with the …

Cordycepin is the major bioactive component extracted from Cordyceps militaris. In recent
years, cordycepin has received increasing attention owing to its multiple pharmacological …

A ubiquitously expressed cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a
significant role in various ongoing cellular mechanisms. The gain or loss-of-function of TGF …

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is a proinflammatory cytokine known to control a
diverse array of pathological and physiological conditions during normal development and …

Oxidative stress and inflammation are important and critical mediators in the development
and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications. Shenkang injection …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was a major public health problem worldwide. Renal fibrosis,
especially tubulointerstitial fibrosis, is final manifestation of CKD. Many studies have …

Background and Purpose Tubulo‐interstitial fibrosis is the final pathway in the progression
of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to kidney failure. The renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) …