Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram negative bacteria are one of the most potent stimulators
of the host innate immune system and LPS recognition is essential for the host organism to …

The lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide forms the outer monolayer of the outer membrane of
most gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli lipid A is synthesized on the cytoplasmic …

Gasdermin B (GSDMB) belongs to a large family of pore-forming cytolysins that execute
inflammatory cell death programs. While genetic studies have linked GSDMB …

Inflammatory caspases, such as caspase-1 and-11, mediate innate immune detection of
pathogens. Caspase-11 induces pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, and …

The global public health threat of antimicrobial resistance has led the scientific community to
highly engage into research on alternative strategies to the traditional small molecule …

Innate immune receptors recognize microorganism-specific motifs. One such receptor–
ligand complex is formed between the mammalian Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)–MD2–CD14 …

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is able to suppress production of
inflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β, which are generated through caspase-1-activating …

Two-component signal-transducing systems are ubiquitously distributed communication
interfaces in bacteria. They consist of a histidine kinase that senses a specific environmental …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a key component of the host's innate immune system,
targeting invasive and colonizing bacteria. For successful survival and colonization of the …

Bacteriophages can influence the abundance, diversity, and evolution of bacterial
communities. Several bacteriophages have been reported to add virulence factors to their …