Arousal may be understood on a spectrum, with excessive sleepiness, cognitive dysfunction,
and inattention on one side, a wakeful state in the middle, and hypervigilance, panic, and …

The term proteostasis reflects the fine-tuned balance of cellular protein levels, mediated
through a vast network of biochemical pathways. This requires the regulated control of …

Cognitive dysfunction (CD) in heart failure (HF) adversely affects treatment compliance and
quality of life. Although ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) has been linked to cardiac muscle …

Several lines of recent evidence indicate that the amyloid precursor protein-derived C-
terminal fragments (APP-CTFs) could correspond to an etiological trigger of Alzheimer's …

Regulation of intracellular calcium (Ca 2+) is critical in all cell types. The ryanodine receptor
(RyR), an intracellular Ca 2+ release channel located on the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum …

Inside cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms the largest Ca 2+ store. Ca 2+ is actively
pumped by the SERCA pumps in the ER, where intraluminal Ca 2+-binding proteins enable …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative pathology characterized by a
progressive decline of cognitive functions. Alteration of various signaling cascades affecting …

Sustained imbalance in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) entry and clearance alters cellular
integrity, ultimately leading to cellular homeostasis disequilibrium and cell death …

Genetic, biochemical, and anatomical grounds led to the proposal of the amyloid cascade
hypothesis centered on the accumulation of amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) to explain …

The family of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) proteins exerts key functions in cellular health. Bcl-2
primarily acts in mitochondria where it controls the initiation of apoptosis. However, during …