Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of non-crystalline single particles is a biophysical
technique that can be used to determine the structure of biological macromolecules and …

Voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs), including those for Na+, Ca2+ and K+, selectively
permeate ions across the cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential …

INTRODUCTION Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels are responsible for the generation
and propagation of action potentials in excitable cells. They undergo voltage-dependent …

Abstract Salt-overly-sensitive 1 (SOS1) is a unique electroneutral Na+/H+ antiporter at the
plasma membrane of higher plants and plays a central role in resisting salt stress. SOS1 is …

KCNQ1 is the pore-forming subunit of cardiac slow-delayed rectifier potassium (I Ks)
channels. Mutations in the kcnq1 gene are the leading cause of congenital long QT …

Low temperature is a major environmental factor that limits plant growth and productivity.
Although transient elevation of cytoplasmic calcium has long been recognized as a critical …

The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel TRPV4 participates in multiple biological
processes, and numerous TRPV4 mutations underlie several distinct and devastating …

Voltage-dependent ion channels underlie the propagation of action potentials and other
forms of electrical activity in cells. In these proteins, voltage sensor domains (VSDs) regulate …

Small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels mediate neuron excitability and are
associated with synaptic transmission and plasticity. They also regulate immune responses …

Voltage-dependent ion channels regulate the opening of their pores by sensing the
membrane voltage. This process underlies the propagation of action potentials and other …