Recent evidence indicates that the spontaneous action potential (AP) of isolated sinoatrial
node cells (SANCs) is regulated by a system of stochastic mechanisms embodied within two …

Action potential (AP) firing rate and rhythm of sinoatrial nodal cells (SANC) are controlled by
synergy between intracellular rhythmic local Ca2+ releases (LCRs)(“Ca2+ clock”) and …

Ca2+ and V m transitions occurring throughout action potential (AP) cycles in sinoatrial
nodal (SAN) cells are cues that (1) not only regulate activation states of molecules operating …

Average beat interval (BI) and beat interval variability (BIV) are primarily determined by
mutual entrainment between the autonomic-nervous system (ANS) and intrinsic …

Coupling of an intracellular Ca2+ clock to surface membrane ion channels, ie, a “membrane
clock,” via coupling of electrochemical Na+ and Ca2+ gradients (E Na and E Ca …

Chronic fetal hypoxia and infection are examples of adverse conditions during complicated
pregnancy, which impact cardiac myogenesis and increase the lifetime risk of heart disease …

Muscle metaboreflex activation during hypercapnia leads to enhanced pressive effects that
are poorly understood while autonomic responses including baroreflex function are not …

Mice are among the most widely used translational models of cardiovascular aging and offer
a method to quickly assess lifespan changes in a controlled environment. The standard …

Cardiovascular function is regulated by the rhythmicity of circadian, infradian and ultradian
clocks. Specific time scales of different cell types drive their functions: circadian gene …

Background Because of the complexity of the interaction between the internal pacemaker
mechanisms, cell interconnected signals, and interaction with other body systems, study of …