The neuromodulator dopamine (DA) is essential for regulating learning, motivation, and
movement. Despite its importance, however, the mechanisms by which DA influences the …

The striatum is densely innervated by mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons that modulate
acquisition and vigor of goal-directed actions and habits. This innervation is progressively …

All neuronal circuits are subject to neuromodulation. Modulatory effects on neuronal
processing and resulting behavioral changes are most commonly reported for higher order …

The globus pallidus externa (GPe) functions as a central hub in the basal ganglia for
processing motor and non-motor information through the creation of complex connections …

Striatal activity is dynamically modulated by acetylcholine and dopamine, both of which are
essential for basal ganglia function. Synchronized pauses in the activity of striatal …

Action selection relies on the coordinated activity of striatal direct and indirect pathway
medium spiny neurons (dMSNs and iMSNs, respectively). Loss of dopamine in Parkinson's …

To understand striatal function, it is essential to know the functional organization of the
numerous inputs targeting the diverse population of striatal neurons. Using optogenetics, we …

An in-depth understanding of multisensory customer experiences could inform and
transform service experiences across the touchpoints of customer journeys. Sensory …

The degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons that innervate the basal ganglia
is responsible for the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been …

The rodent external globus pallidus (GPe) contains two main neuronal subpopulations,
prototypic and arkypallidal cells, which differ in their cellular properties. Their functional …