Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia. It is marked by severe
memory loss and cognitive decline, and currently has limited effective treatment options …

Tuma, Pamela L., and Ann L. Hubbard. Transcytosis: Crossing Cellular Barriers. Physiol Rev
83: 871–932, 2003; 10.1152/physrev. 00001.2003.—Transcytosis, the vesicular transport of …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is the brain‐specific capillary barrier that is critical for
preventing toxic substances from entering the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast to …

Under physiological conditions, the brain consumes over 20% of the whole body energy
supply. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) allows dynamic interactions between blood capillaries …

Neuronal information processing requires a large amount of energy, indicating that sugars
and other metabolites must be efficiently delivered. However, reliable neuronal function also …

Careful examination of relevant literature shows that many of the most cherished concepts of
the blood-brain barrier are incorrect. These include an almost mythological belief in its …

Endothelial cells that make up brain capillaries and constitute the blood-brain barrier
become different from peripheral endothelial cells in response to inductive factors found in …

The recent discovery that the neurotransmitter glutamate can trigger actively propagating
CaZ+ waves in the cytoplasm of cultured astrocytes suggests the possibility that synaptically …

Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) leads to cellular changes not only in the
affected neurons but also in adjacent glial cells and endothelia, and frequently, to a …

Abstract Tofilon, PJ and Fike, JR The Radioresponse of the Central Nervous System: A
Dynamic Process. Radiation continues to be a major treatment modality for tumors located …