The hypothalamus (“hypo” meaning below, and “thalamus” meaning bed) consists of
regulatory circuits that support basic life functions that ensure survival. Sitting at the interface …

Selective vulnerability of specific brain regions and cell populations is a hallmark of
neurodegenerative disorders. Mechanisms of selective vulnerability involve neuronal …

Background We have recently demonstrated a causal link between loss of gonadotropin-
releasing hormone (GnRH), the master molecule regulating reproduction, and cognitive …

Retinal ganglion cells, the neurons that die in glaucoma, are endowed with a high
metabolism requiring optimal provision of oxygen and nutrients to sustain their activity. The …

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) play pivotal roles in myelin formation and
phagocytosis, communicating with neighboring cells and contributing to the integrity of the …

Leptin plays a critical role in regulating appetite, energy expenditure and body weight,
making it a key factor in maintaining a healthy balance. Despite numerous efforts to develop …

Abstract Antipsychotic (AP)-naive first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients display early
dysglycemia, including insulin resistance and prediabetes. Metabolic dysregulation may …

Astrocytes are emerging as key regulators of cognitive function and behavior. This review
highlights some of the latest advances in the understanding of astrocyte roles in different …

Objective RGS2 is a GTPase activating protein that modulates GPCR-G α signaling and
mice lacking RGS2 globally exhibit metabolic alterations. While RGS2 is known to be …

An individual's nutritional status has a powerful effect on sexual maturation. Puberty onset is
delayed in response to chronic energy insufficiency and is advanced under energy …