The past 60 years have brought remarkable advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of
congenital heart disease (CHD). Early diagnosis and improvements in cardiac surgery and …

Over the past decade, as the majority of patients with single ventricle anatomy who have
undergone the Fontan operation reach adulthood, a newly recognized disease process …

Pulmonary hypertension remained an unexplained intractable disease with poor prognosis.
In the last 2 decades, however, the diagnosis and treatment methods for this disease …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD) is a
complex disease that presents with a broad spectrum of morphological and haemodynamic …

The Fontan operation can create a stable circulation from childhood through early
adulthood. However, the absence of a sub-pulmonary pumping chamber leads to a …

Although medium‐term survival following Fontan operations in the modern era has
improved dramatically, late cardiovascular and extracardiac morbidity are common and are …

Fontan-type surgery is the final step in the sequential palliative surgical treatment of infants
born with a univentricular heart. The resulting long-term haemodynamic changes promote …

Background/objective Total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) has been the preferred
treatment for patients with univentricular hearts. Current TCPC-techniques are the intra-atrial …

In the last thirty years, steady progress in the diagnostic tools and care of subjects affected
by congenital heart diseases (CHD) has resulted in a significant increase in their survival to …

Background Exercise intolerance is frequent among Fontan patients and an important
determinant for quality of life. This study investigated the hemodynamic causes of impaired …