In its classical view, the renin angiotensin system (RAS) was defined as an endocrine
system involved in blood pressure regulation and body electrolyte balance. However, the …

Besides the physiological regulation of water, sodium, and potassium homeostasis,
aldosterone modulates several physiological and pathological processes in the …

Background: The FIDELIO-DKD trial (Finerenone in Reducing Kidney Failure and Disease
Progression in Diabetic Kidney Disease) evaluated the effect of the nonsteroidal, selective …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in patients with chronic kidney
disease (CKD). Both conditions are rising in incidence as well as prevalence, creating poor …

Arterial hypertension is a common condition worldwide and an important predictor of several
complicated diseases. Arterial hypertension can be triggered by many factors, including …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global health concern, and its prevalence is
increasing. The ultimate therapeutic option for CKD is kidney transplantation. However, the …

The discovery of steroid hormone receptors in brain regions that mediate every aspect of
brain function has broadened the definition of 'neuroendocrinology'to include the reciprocal …

Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) occurs in patients that clinically have both diastolic and
systolic heart failure and will soon become the most common cause of heart failure. Two key …

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and its ligand aldosterone are the principal modulators
of hormone-regulated renal sodium reabsorption. In addition to the kidney, there are several …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the major cause of morbidity and mortality for both men
and women, occur uncommonly in premenopausal women, but their incidence rises sharply …