Advances in neuroscience identified addiction as a chronic brain disease with strong
genetic, neurodevelopmental, and sociocultural components. We here discuss the circuit …

Dysregulation of pain neurocircuitry and neurochemistry has been increasingly recognized
as playing a critical role in a diverse spectrum of diseases including migraine, fibromyalgia …

Aims Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB) is a ubiquitous
transcription factor well known for its role in the innate immune response. As such, NFkB is a …

UV light is an established carcinogen, yet evidence suggests that UV-seeking behavior has
addictive features. Following UV exposure, epidermal keratinocytes synthesize …

Recent research has demonstrated the suitability of adult zebrafish to model some aspects
of complex behaviour. Studies of reward behaviour, learning and memory, aggression …

Substance use and abuse begin during adolescence. Male and female adolescent humans
initiate use at comparable rates, but males increase use faster. In adulthood, more men than …

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a brain region processing salient sensory and emotional
information, controlling motivated behaviors, natural or drug-related reward, reward-related …

Aims To determine the efficacy of acamprosate and naltrexone in the treatment of those who
are alcohol‐dependent in reducing lapse/relapse to alcohol consumption and treatment …

The use of Positron emission tomography (PET) to study the effects of acute and chronic
alcohol on the human brain has enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying …

The endogenous opioid system is expressed throughout the brain reinforcement circuitry,
and plays a major role in reward processing, mood control and the development of …