Nanosized extracellular vesicles derived from bacteria contain diverse cargo and transfer
intercellular bioactive molecules to cells. Due to their favorable intercellular interactions, cell …

The intestinal mucosal barrier is composed of epithelial cells that are protected by an
overlying host-secreted mucous layer and functions as the first line of defence against …

Tight junctions play a major role in maintaining the integrity and impermeability of the
intestinal barrier. As such, they act as an ideal target for pathogens to promote their …

Helicobacter pylori is an organism associated with ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The
latter is one of the most prevalent malignancies and currently the fourth major cause of …

Desulfovibrio (DSV) are sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) that are ubiquitously present in the
environment and as resident commensal bacteria within the human gastrointestinal tract …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-delimited particles secreted from
almost all types of cells including bacteria, mammals and plants, and are presumed to be …

The intestinal epithelium forms a key protective barrier that separates internal organs from
the harmful environment of the gut lumen. Increased permeability of the gut barrier is a …

All bacteria produce secreted vesicles that carry out a variety of important biological
functions. These extracellular vesicles can improve adaptation and survival by relieving …

Background The intestinal tract is a complicated ecosystem with dynamic homeostasis via
interaction of intestine and microbiota. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is chronic intestinal …

Intestinal microenvironment dysbiosis is one of the major causes of diseases, such as
obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer. Microbiota-based …